第19卷第2期油田化學(xué)Vol 19 No. 22002年6月25日Oilfield Chemistr25June,2002文章編號:000409x(2002020150-04文一污水站減少污泥產(chǎn)生量的污水處理技術(shù)郭輝↓,李同峰,宋君妍2,趙國瑜,劉秀紅,朱麗娜11中國石化中原油田分公司采油工程技術(shù)研究院河南濮陽4570012.中國石化中原油田分公司技術(shù)監(jiān)測中心河南濮陽457001)摘要:為了減少文一污水站按現(xiàn)行工藝在高pHδ.0~8.5)處理油田污水過程中產(chǎn)生的污泥量開發(fā)了一種新的污水處理工藝。在室內(nèi)實驗條件下用一種pH調(diào)節(jié)劑將污水pH控制在7.0-7.5加入除鐵劑、除鐵增效劑各100mg/L得到了最好的凈水效果濾膜系數(shù)MF>30);與原污水相比凈化水污泥產(chǎn)生量由10.8g/L降至-1g/L50℃、15d靜態(tài)腐蝕速率為0.0089-0.010mm/a平均0.0097mm/aSRB菌數(shù)為0TGB菌數(shù)0~104個/mL,與地層水完全配伍礦化度和主要成垢離子濃度有所降低。在文一污進行了為期47d的現(xiàn)場試驗結(jié)果表明在pH6.8-7.2除鐵劑和增效劑加量分別為150,l30mg/L時凈水效果最好外輸水MF>28SS5mg/L含油2/LpH增大時污泥產(chǎn)生量增大處理后水水質(zhì)變差③pH6.8-7.2除鐵劑130mg/L增效劑100mg/L為最佳凈水條件外輸水MF>20迎凈化水腐蝕性符合水質(zhì)指標主要腐蝕因素是二次沉降罐曝氧加入Na2SO3可降低溶解氧含量但引起水質(zhì)下降尙試驗期間污泥量減少1/~13。⑥處理后水水質(zhì)波動主要是水量波動引起的。關(guān)鍵詞:油田污水處理污水凈化水處理劑注入水腐蝕性污泥產(chǎn)生中原油田文一污水站中圖分類號:IE256:6文獻標識碼∶中原油田文一污水站采用水質(zhì)改性技術(shù)1處降倒出上層清液用濾紙過濾自然晾干后稱量求理油田污水幾年以來運行過程中產(chǎn)生大量不易處出污泥產(chǎn)生量理的污泥造成環(huán)境的二次污染。針對這一問題開1.4水質(zhì)參數(shù)測定發(fā)了一種可大大降低污泥產(chǎn)生量的水質(zhì)處理技術(shù),處理后水可達到油田注水水質(zhì)標準。采用石油天然氣行業(yè)標準SY/T532994《碎屑巖油藏注水水質(zhì)推薦指標及分析方法》規(guī)定的方法1實驗部分測定水質(zhì)參數(shù)水質(zhì)指標也取自該標準。1.1污水水質(zhì)特點2室內(nèi)實驗研究文一污水站來水屬氯化鈣型懸浮固體含量低(43.6mg/L)含油量較高(347~560mg/L)總鐵2.1污水pH值選擇含量高(29.2mg/L)H值偏低5.8)水溫52℃取文一污來水混合罐出口污水(溫度52℃含水處理劑組成油量572mg/L)加入不同量pH調(diào)節(jié)劑將pH值調(diào)新開發(fā)的油田污水處理劑由pH調(diào)節(jié)劑除鐵高到不同水平,加入適量除鐵劑和除鐵增效劑在劑和除鐵增效劑組成。52℃混合并靜置沉降8h觀察絮凝效果緯果列于1.3污泥產(chǎn)生量測定表1。由表1可知mH為7.0~8.0時污水處理效取來水混合罐出口污水2000mL靜置充分沉果好為了減少污泥產(chǎn)生量選擇pH為7.0-7.5。*收稿日期2001-0917修改日期2002060第19卷第2期郭輝李同峰宋君妍等文一污水站減少污泥產(chǎn)生量的污水處理技術(shù)151表1pH值選擇實驗結(jié)果用某些藥劑與污水中的某些物質(zhì)結(jié)合生成了可在編號pH值范圍絮凝特點上層水金屬表面形成保護膜的物質(zhì)16.5-7.0絮體形成快絮體小有乳光27.0~7.5絮體形成快絮體大透亮表3處理后污水的腐蝕性(50℃靜態(tài)掛片15d)37.5~7.8絮體形成快絮體大透亮水樣編號平均2.2污水處理劑配方研究腐蝕速率0.00890.00910,01100.00940.01000.0097/mm a取來水混合罐出囗污水溫度52℃含油量561mg/L)調(diào)節(jié)pH值到7.0-7.5加入不同量的除鐵2.5殺菌效果劑和除鐵增效劑在52℃下混合并靜置沉降8h取上清水測定濾膜系數(shù)MF結(jié)果見表2。由表2數(shù)用絕跡稀釋法測定表3所列5個處理后水樣中的細菌數(shù)結(jié)果見表4。由表4所列數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,據(jù)可知當(dāng)污水pH值為7.0~7.5時除鐵劑最佳新方法所用藥劑具有相當(dāng)好的抑菌、殺菌能力用量為100~150mg/L,除鐵增效劑最佳用量為100 mg/Lo表4處理后污水中細菌數(shù)表2污水處理劑配方選擇實驗結(jié)果水樣編細菌數(shù)/個mL-1除鐵劑除鐵增效劑1ngL-1MF值7.0-7.57.0~7.5000007.0-7.57,0-7.5標準指標1022.3污泥產(chǎn)生量對比2.6與地層水的配伍性用1.3節(jié)敘述的方法測定來水混合罐出口污將1~5號處理后水樣按等體積比混合得到處水和按表2編號1配方處理后的污水污泥產(chǎn)生量分理后水樣取經(jīng)簡單除油、過濾處理的文一污水站污別為10.8和~1g/L新處理方法使污泥產(chǎn)生量減水樣作為地層水樣。兩種單一水樣和兩種水樣不同少了90%以上體積比1:21:12:1焜合水樣經(jīng)除氧后在80℃密2.4污水腐蝕性閉加熱72h觀察水樣外觀2。所有單一和混合水在不同時間取文一污來水混合罐岀口污水樣共樣均清澈透明容器底部無沉淀物器壁上無附著物,在室溫下繼續(xù)放置時不發(fā)生渾濁。這說明用新方法5份加入pH調(diào)節(jié)劑使pH值為7.0加入除鐵劑和除鐵增效劑各10mg/L.混合后靜置沉降在得到處理后的文一污污水與油田地層水的配伍性良好。的處理后污水樣中掛片測定N80鋼試片的腐蝕速27處理前后污水礦化成分變化率水樣溫度50℃掛片時間15d。測定結(jié)果見表測定了經(jīng)簡單預(yù)處理的文一污混合罐出口污3。由表3中數(shù)據(jù)可見采用這種新方法處理文一污水、按現(xiàn)行工藝處理后的污水取自現(xiàn)場濾后水服來水可使污水的腐蝕速率遠遠低于石油天然氣行用新工藝處理后的室內(nèi)水樣中主要離子和總鐵含業(yè)標準規(guī)定的指標0.076mm/a)文一污水站注入量礦化度及pH值結(jié)果見表5。由表5數(shù)據(jù)可知,水的腐蝕問題同樣會得到解決。與現(xiàn)行工藝相比用新工藝處理后的污水礦化度和用新方法處理后的污水腐蝕性很小是由于所成垢離子總含量有所降低。表5水質(zhì)分析數(shù)據(jù)離子質(zhì)量濃度/mgL水樣礦化度pH值Na'+K CaSOHOOCO未處理污水40753440588471119142現(xiàn)工藝處理水37236569369312.01105957.5152油田化學(xué)2002年室內(nèi)實驗研究結(jié)果表明本文報道的新污水處第二階段2月1日至14日)維持混合罐出口理工藝可大大降低污泥產(chǎn)生量所用水處理藥劑除污水pH值在6.8-7.2之間逐步降低除鐵劑和除凈水作用外還具有緩蝕、殺菌、防垢作用鐵增效劑的用量,確定了最佳加量除鐵劑為1303礦場試驗mg/L除鐵增效劑為100mg/I(污水溫度38℃含油量100mg/L左右日處理污水量1.2×104~1.33.1文一污水站水處理工藝流程×104m3)在此最佳加藥量下,系統(tǒng)運行平穩(wěn),水新污水處理工藝現(xiàn)場試驗在文一污水站進行。質(zhì)穩(wěn)定濾后水濾膜系數(shù)值多在25以上,最高達文一污水站處理工藝流程如下來水→混合罐→第48外輸水濾膜系數(shù)多在20以上。除鐵劑加量過低沉降罐亠第二沉降罐池)過濾罐?緩沖罐→-外睿易造成外輸水含鐵量升髙濾膜系數(shù)下降。除鐵輸罐→注水罐。增效劑加量過大容易引起外輸水濾膜系數(shù)下降3。在新工藝現(xiàn)場試驗中小H調(diào)節(jié)劑除鐵劑和除在最佳藥劑加量條件下,污水處理費用平均為鐵增效劑分別從下、中、上3個加藥口加入混合罐0.4716元/m3中第三階段2月15日至3月2日):保持藥劑最佳加量和污水最佳pH范圍,考察污水的腐蝕性。3.2試驗設(shè)計表6給出現(xiàn)場試驗3個階段中在低pH值(6.8~從室內(nèi)實驗中得到的最佳加藥量(pH調(diào)節(jié)劑7.2清況下處理后水的腐蝕速率50~300mg/L除鐵劑100mg/L除鐵增效劑100mg/L)發(fā)通過增減加藥量考察影響水質(zhì)特別是表6現(xiàn)場試驗3個階段中低pH值情況下腐蝕性穩(wěn)定的因素及所用污水處理藥劑對水質(zhì)、處處理后水的腐蝕速率/ma-1理水量波動及工藝流程的適應(yīng)性。試驗從2001年驗階段濾后水文聯(lián)注文04現(xiàn)場試1月15日開始3月2日結(jié)束為期一個半月分30.23890.11580.0028個階段進行。0.18420.06970.01953.3試驗過程與結(jié)果0.03660.0212測定方法見2.4節(jié)第一階段1月15日至31日):將除鐵劑加量增至150mg/L除鐵增效劑加量增至130mg/L在由表6數(shù)據(jù)可以看出在低pH值(6.8-7.2)8.0~6.8范圍內(nèi)從高到低逐級調(diào)節(jié)混合罐出囗污條件下處理污水時其中第一階段上pH值由高值水pH值直至濾后水質(zhì)良好并保持穩(wěn)定。試驗結(jié)降至低值)過濾器后和注水泵入口腐蝕速率的測定果如下值是逐漸降低的這說明低pH值不是引起污水腐(1厲污水pH值在6.8-7.2范圍時處理后水蝕性的因素。室內(nèi)靜態(tài)腐蝕速率不高也說明處理質(zhì)好系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定。濾后水的濾膜系數(shù)可控制在后的污水并無嚴重的腐蝕性30左右外輸水的濾膜系數(shù)在28以上外輸水懸浮測定混合罐岀口、一級、二級沉降罐岀口、濾前、固體含量5mg/L含油量2mg/Lo濾后及外輸泵后水中溶解氧含量發(fā)現(xiàn)二級沉降罐(2厲污水pH值在7.5±0.3時,系統(tǒng)運行中出出口至過濾器入口水中溶解氧含量最高達0.6~現(xiàn)波動水質(zhì)時好時壞。濾后水濾膜系數(shù)在16~340.8mg/L這是空氣進入二級沉降罐處理中的污之間外輸水濾膜系數(shù)在11~17之間變化最差時水曝氧所致。從2月22日起按含氧量加入亞硫酸降至6以下含油量2mg/L懸浮固體含量9mg/鈉除氧使該段含氧量降至0.2~0.4mg/L濾后和注水泵入口處水的腐蝕速率明顯降低(見表6)但3)當(dāng)污水p值在7.8±0.3時系統(tǒng)波動幅外輸水水質(zhì)變差濾膜系數(shù)降至25~20。外輸水水度增大水質(zhì)變差濾后水和外輸水濾膜系數(shù)多在質(zhì)變差可能是加入的亞硫酸鈉在過濾前未能全部10以下有時甚至測不出。在該pH區(qū)間調(diào)整藥劑消耗在過濾后SO與Ca2生成了亞硫酸鈣晶體加量均不能改變系統(tǒng)運行不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。同時在此沉淀。第19卷第2期郭輝李同峰宋君妍等文一污水站減少污泥產(chǎn)生量的污水處理技術(shù)153從整個現(xiàn)場試驗期間采集的大量數(shù)據(jù)來看水12車減至6-8車減少了1/2~1/3質(zhì)波動產(chǎn)生于來水量的波動,一般晚上來水量變化參考文獻小處理后水水質(zhì)較好白天來水量變化大水質(zhì)相[1]黃雪松郭學(xué)輝宋繼宇等.中原油田注入水水質(zhì)改性效果及對較差結(jié)垢可能性研究J]油田化學(xué)2001182):132-1352]李成龍趙作滋鄭邦乾等.馬嶺油田原油化學(xué)脫水過程中溢在現(xiàn)場試驗期間污泥產(chǎn)生量大幅度減少。每流罐內(nèi)形成的中間乳狀液的處理J]油田化學(xué),995,12(4)個罐都可以在較短時間內(nèi)將污泥排清排岀的污泥變稀文一聯(lián)污水站每天產(chǎn)生的污泥由試驗前的[31陸柱鄭士忠線消子等油田水處理技M1北京石油出Oilfield Produced Water Treatment at Water-Treating Plant w-l to reduce Sludge CreationGUO Hui, LI Tong-Feng, SONG Jun-Yan?, ZHAO Guo-Yu, LIU Xiu-Hong, ZHU Li-NaMonitoring and Measuring Center, Zhong yuan Oil field Company, Puyang, Henan 457001, Chine y s, Henan 457001, China; 2. Technical(1, Oil Prduction Technology Research Institute Zhongyuan Oil field Company, Sinopec, PuwaAbstract To reduce sludge creation at water-treating plant W-l in treating oilfield produced water according to the present high pH(8.0-8.5) technology a new treating process is developed. Under laboratory experimental conditions the best water qualityfiltralion factor MF> 30 )is obtained with ph value adjusted to within 7 0-7. 5 by using a chemical and with Fe remover( FeR )of100 mg/L and Fe removal enhancer( FeRE )of 100 mg/L introduced: the purified water produces -1 mg sludge per liter instead of10.8 mg/L for original produced water the static corrosion rate in the purified water at 50C in 15 days accounts 0. 0089-0.011 0nm/a, 0.009 7 mm/a in average i population of bacteria SRB is of zero and of TGB-0-10cellmL the TSd andions are slightly reduced the purified water is highly compatible with the reservoir formation water. In the field trial of the newtechnology performed at wastewater treating plant w-1 in 47 days following results are obtained: the best water quality is observedat ph value range 6 8-7. 2 with FeR of 150 and FeRE of 130 mg/L added and in this case MF>28, Ss=5 mg/L r and oil content2 mg/L for the output water 2 at higher ph values the sludge creation is increased and the purified water quality-deteriorated3 at optimal ph value(6.8-7. 2 )and use levels of FeR( 130 mg/L)and FeRE( 100 mg/L)the MF value is of >20 for outputinjection water O the corrosivity of the purified water is well below the specified limit(0. 076 mm/a), the main factor in corrosionis exposure to air of the water in 2nd precipitation tank, Na SO, can be used to eliminate dissolved O but causes deterioration of waterquality the sludge creation is decreased by 50-66% during the trial i the fluctuation in purified water quality is caused by thechange in input water volumeKeywords: oilfield produced weater uasteuxter purification i eater -treating agents i injection uxter corrosivity sludgecreation Tater-treating plant w-1 in Zhongyuan(上接第149頁。 continued from p.149)A Statistical Analysis of Injection Water Quality Monitoring DataGUO Peng, FENG En-Shan, XU HuiThe Ist Experimental Oil Production Factory, Jiangsu Oilfield Compny, Sinopec, Jiangdu, Jiangsu 225265, ChinaAbstract The commonly used criteria for injection water quality( iwQ)- qualification rate by item and in general do not give thedifferences between the determined values and the limits specified in the trade Standard for the items of water quality anal( WQA). A concept of water quality indexes is suggested. A water quality index S, is defined as the summation of the quotient ofthe determined value divided by the specified limit for every item of wQa taken into consideration and the lower the s value thebetter the IwQ is. In the case of the Ist Factory of Jiangsu 7 or 6 items are selected for water quality monitoring of these 4 maiitems( ph value oil content, population of bacteria SRB and TGB)and 3 additional ones( contents of free CO,, sulfide and totaliron ions ) Following IwQ indexes are obtained: overall index S,, when all 7 or 6 items of WQA are taken into account main intemdex s, when main items of WQA are considered only and index sn- ( i)when item i is excluded in summation. The differencesbetween S and S, and particularly between S, and S,-( i)express the influencing power of item i on IwQ. By using these Svalues the iwQ in various districts and blocks of jiangsu and the changes in IwQ in recent years are analysed and discussedomparatively. For example in district FM the IwQ is affected mainly by total Fe ions content and notably by oil and free cOcontents and corrosion appears to be the most important problem. The measures to be undertaken in various districts and blocks foimproving IwQ are presented concisely