hwsy@overseaen.comISSN 1009-5039htp://ww.overseaen.comOverseas English 遍外:薯遒Tel:+86- 551- 56908115690812The Metaphorical Analysis of Names in The Story of The Stone陳璟璟(浙江海洋學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院,浙江舟山316000)Abstract: The Stony of The Stone is the peak of the art of the novel in ancient China. Is artistic achievement is displayed first of all in達(dá)dazzling aray of characters. Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Wang Xifeng, Xue Baochai, Yuanyang, Qingwen, and the others all have their distinctpersonalities and are true to life as if they were living amongst us. These richly complex characters with their difterent staions in life anddivergent views and philosophies act out an intricate pattern of human relationships and conflicts within the Jia family mansion. Apart fomtheir distinct ways of acting and speaking, the peculianities of their appearances, dress and living arrangements, the names the author gavethem also contribute a lot to the sccsstul display of alll these characters.Key words: metaphorica; The Story of The Sone中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):H314文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1009 5039(2011)06- 0304-021 Names in The Story of the Stoneusually used until school time. However the family members willkeep using them. In the novel The Story of Stone, childhood1.1 Family Namename also appeared for several times. For example, Mrs. Rong ofFamily name, or in Chinese "Xing:shi", is normally used toNing-guo mansion has a childhood name called "Ke-qing". And "identify the father's family in both westem counties and in Chi-Yinglian" is Xue Pan's concubine Xiang Ling's childhood name.na. But diferent from westermers, Chinese always put their familynames before their given names. In the novel The Story of the1.4 Courtesy NameStone, there are 82 family names, which exclude those immortals,Courtesy name, also called "Zi" in Chinese, is an importantsome oficials, servants and actresses who only have names butpart of a Chinese person's name. It is more oficial and formalhave no sumames. Among these 82 family names, except "Yeluthan the given name. It was considered a breach of etiquette toHunni" (a rare family names) and "Wedulina" (a foreign familyaddress seniors or strangers directly by their given names. Thename), there are 80 family nanes, which all appear in A collec-given name and the courtesy name were not totally independenttion of Surnames of Han Chinese.Cao Xueqin did not randomlyhowever. There was some sort of semantic relation- -a kind ofchoose sumames for his characters. For example, "Lin"(林), inmnemonic- -between the two. Thus, for instance, in the novel TheChinese, is made up of two woods(木), which symbolizes Lin Dai-Story of the Stone one character is called Xue Pan: "Pan" is hisyu to be the incamate of the Crimson Pearl Flower.given name and means "immortal dragon". His courtesy name is1.2 Given Name"Wen-long" that means "inelligent dragon".The typical Chinese given names consist of two parts. The1.5 Assumed Nameformner one denotes one's generation, the ltter part is given byIn the ancient China, some people, especially men of lters,Esntilly, all members of a given generationshare a unique name or element in a name. For example, in Thehad sil a third given name--"Hao" or assumed name of theirown. This name was self-assigned and often relected the person'sStory of the Stone, in Jia family, “ia Dai-shan" and "jia Dai-aspiration, character and other personal features. In the novel ofnua”share the character- "Dai". Sometimes, the generation iThe Story of the Stone, for example, Jia Bao-yu has several as-represented not by a separate name common to all members ofsumed names, such as "Greenboy", "Lord of the Flowers' ,the generation, but by a common radical in the written forms ofLucky Lounger"and 80 on. Another important character in thistheir given names. Still in the novel The Story of the Stone, thenovel Lin Dai-yu calls herself "RiverQueen". Xue Bao-chaff is "fith generation of the Jia family are named Jia Qin (賈芹), JiaLady All-spice", Jia Tanchun is "Plantain Lover", Li Wan is'Qiang (賈醬), Jia Rong (賈蓉)and Jia Yun (賈蕓), Here, all theAutumn Studio", Jia Ying-chunis "Amarylis Islander", Jia Xi-given names reads dfferently. The generation mark hides in thechun is "Lotus Dweller', Shi Xiang yun is "Cloud Maiden". Andwitten fomm of the name characters. Each of their given namesall these "Hao" or assumed names are mostly used in their poeticcontains the same so-called plant radical (he top element of eachcommunity for self addressing and signing signatures of their ownname character) and this radical is just the generation mark.poetic works.13 Childhood Name1.6 Stage NameMost young children do have a childhood name, usuallyBoth in ChinaWestem enountries, actors and actressesbased in Bome way on the given name. And this kind of name is中國(guó)煤化工TYHCNMHG收稿日期:2011-02-06修回日期:2011-03-04作者簡(jiǎn)介:陳碌璟(1981-),女,浙江舟山人,研究方向?yàn)樯鐣?huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué),現(xiàn)任教于浙江海洋學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院。304通重學(xué)研究題路造栳目責(zé)在編輯:謝嬡嬡2011年6月Overseas English 海外英語(yǔ)are assigned stage names that can indicate their identities andjobs they are responsible for in serving their masters are the re-are easily remembered by the audience. In the novel The Story ofsource of their names. Here are some of the examples. The fourthe Stone, to celebrate Yuan-chun's return-visit to home, the Jiamaids of the four daughters of the Jjia family are respectivelyFamily bought 12 actresses. They are Charmante, Elegante, Car.named "Baoqing", "Siqi", "Sishu", and "Ruhua". Combined to-domome, Topaze Parfumee, Artemisie,Aubergine and etc. Bgether they tumed to be "Qing (classic musical instrument), Qisides, a story-teller is named Nuageuse. These are all stage(encirclement chess), Shu (alligraphy, Hua (painting)". the fournames, and relatively independent from their family and givenclassical artistic abilities of noble ladies in the ancient dayes. Andnamnes.They are used only by those professional actor or actress.just perfectly match the talents of their masters. And these maids1.7 Occupational namenames telll readers that the main job of them is to provide ser-vices while their masters are participating in the four activities.Occupational name is a kind of name that using one's pro-fession or oficial title to address the person. There are mainly2.3 Names from Evaluationtwo kinds of occupational names, and in the novel The Story ofMany characters in this novel get more than one name, asthe Stone both of them have had a show up. The first one is of-he author also give them bynames according to their own ap-cial tiules as occupational names. For example, Earl of Lin-an,pearance, personalities and the evaluation of the author himselfPrince of Bei jing, Marquis of Chuan-ning, the Military Governorhold to these characters. Many of these bynames appear in theof Yong xing and etc. The other is addressing of one's profession.titles of each chapter.'Horticultural' Hu, the job of which is gardening and planting."Leng Langjun", which means cool and handsome guy, isDr. Bao is an inperial doctor "Iron Mouth' Liu eamns living bythe byname of "Liu Xianglian. "Qing Gege" (sensitive brother)his mouth. And、Half-Immortal' Mao works as a fortune tller.and "Bing Shenying"depressed Shenying) are both the alias of "1.8 Nick nameJia Baoyu". These two names represent diferent status and alsoshow diferent aspects of the personalities of the character "jiaNickname is a name given to someone, especially by hisBaoyu". "Qing XiaoMei" for "You Sanjie" , "Miss Doddybluck"friends or family, that is not related with his true name and is of-for "Jia Yingchun", "Ku Jiangzhu" for "Lin Daiyu", "Daiten connected with how he looks like or something he has done.Bawang" for "Xue Pan" are all of this kind.Nicknames are descriptive and meaningful, betraying a person'scharacter, appearance, manner and some other personalities. In3 From Name to Name Metaphor- -The Main Metaphoricalthe novel The Story of the Stone, the author widely used nick-Functions of Names in Literary worksnames to vividly present his characters. Here is a good example:3.1 For suggestion"Because the 'young widow' you'e talking about- -that's our Mrs.Zhu-is a saint. The nickname we servants give her is、Lady3.1.1 Suggest Characters' PersonalityGwanyin'. Of the young ladies, the eldest one- -well, 1 supposeIt is very important to disclose characters' personalties inghe must be good 'un to have ben so favored. The second one-lierary creation. Generally speaking, Readers don't know whatthat's the masters sister- -we call her、Miss Doddyblock', she'dkind of person he or she is until they finish a whole story. It isprobably forget to say、oh' if you struck a pin in her. The third-the kick that readers can get out of a novel. It is a creative de-Master Bao's younger sister- -we call "The Rose' .. " (Vo1.IIsign that a writer draws his charactere' personalities by theirp289)names. With the technique, the writer can economize his writingand leave more space for other details. At the samne time, for2 The Resources of Names in The Story of thereaders, such names contain enough hints to reduce the load forStoneunderstanding. Especially in a novel with numerous figures, the2.1 Names from Classical Allusions and Anecdotestechnique, like the last stroke on drawing a dragon, make figuresfll, vivid and characteized. The fllowing are some examples ofThe second method of naming is using alusions and anec-the technique.dotes. Most of the main characters' names of this novel comeThe novel The Story of The Stone also bears many examplesfrom classic poems and lyrics. The name Jia Baoyu was quotedfor this function. "Leng Langjun", which means cool and hand-from Cen Cen's (岑參)work,(《送張子尉南?！?:“此鄉(xiāng)多寶玉，some guy, is the byname of "Liu Xianglian, which exactly repre-慎莫厭清貧"。And "Lin Daiyu" comes from the poem Ti Huasents this clHaracter's personality. "devoted lover", is the alias ofShi(《題畫(huà)詩(shī)》)"連光林黛結(jié)深翠",themeaningofthename"jia Baoyu". It tlls readers that Bao-yu muet be a sensitive andcan be traced back to the lyrics of Yan Jjidao (晏幾道)name Yusoft lover, "Qing XiaoMei" for "The Third Sister You", "MiesMei Ren《虞美人>:“樓中翠黛含春怨,閑倚欄桿見(jiàn)。遠(yuǎn)彈雙淚Doddyblock" for "Jia Yingchun", "Dai Bawang" for "Xue Pan",惜香紅，暗恨玉顏光景與花問(wèn)。"). The name of Xue Baochaithese names are all of this kind.comes from Li Yishan's Can Hua (《殘花》“殘花啼露莫留春,尖3.1.2 Suggest Characters' Fates發(fā)誰(shuí)非怨別人。若但掩關(guān)勞獨(dú)夢(mèng)，寶釵何日不生塵。"). ShiIf an author wants to sum up his character's whole life, heXiangyun originated from Zhangji's (張籍) Chu Fei Tan (楚妃may label his views or comments on the character's name. In the嘆》:"湘云妝起江沉沉"). While Li Wan's name has root innftha Stnne●Int nf names can exemplify theLiBai's NiGu Shi((擬古詩(shī)》:“閨人理執(zhí)素").point.中國(guó)煤化工en Shiryin's family was2.2 Names from Professionsnamenate" in Chinese. Real-This kind of method is frequently used in naning maids andly, in:YH。CNMHGeahe,abeleresanservants. And most of these people only have given names, or areindelible impression on readers. She is exceptionally lucky. Bomjust called by their first names instead of the full names. And the(下轉(zhuǎn)第307頁(yè))本欄目責(zé)任編輯:耄嬡嬡“.C9通言學(xué)研究喇3052011年6月Overseas English 海外美語(yǔ)4二者在實(shí)踐中的對(duì)比行比較對(duì)比，主要目的在于便于讀者對(duì)研究方法的準(zhǔn)確把握f(shuō) Ereonrtah SajectQunthdn)和合理取舍。電量研究中確究4題Notes:1Wha面Ibeeboutpobhmtudw1We面網(wǎng)domesbewrbwtheroba[1] httefine.cnkinet/WebForms/WebDefines aspx?searchword=我可以決定和輸證某個(gè)假動(dòng)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題核滿(mǎn)量老所了斕的相關(guān)情況%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%969%e7%ea0%94%e7%a9%b62 What COECrpTr cul嘲如o域th bplerr 2 Whae concep由w foms凹o(jì) chanty th我驗(yàn)正有設(shè)所看的限之poecr貴料提供者區(qū)分怪鹽所用的際t[2] hp:/w/w .hudong con/wiki/% ES% AE%9A% E6% 80% A7%3 Hou cnlopentoamlydfihe these careptp 3 How面聘功mat dfhse the coaropr?E7% A0% 94% E7% A9% B6?hf =youdacitiao&pf =youdaoei-我如何定義這整報(bào)念7界私提供者如何定義這些限北74 Wnat scentr thery ca tpa the d4 Wa 0趾thory由嗎usomants中如trphartiao#1解性這些數(shù)據(jù)的科4學(xué)理論thaa中pnano?貴料攫供華烽工經(jīng)鹽的民間理論參考文獻(xiàn):s HowoaIourhe血calu knore李of可omm岫o eulueal septe哥olDngm wlll[1] Kleining C,Witt H.Discovery as Basic Methodology of Quali-hkegeigofey cDadrated如何特費(fèi)科提供的文化與網(wǎng)述成同武如河青周事昆明濱魯研究結(jié)是tative and Quantitative ResearchjJ.FQS,2001(2):1-25.事所能型第的基建[2] Westmarland N.The QuanitativelQualitative Debate and5結(jié)束語(yǔ)Feminist A Subjective View of bjetiviy[].FQS,2001.在理論上,定最方法與定性方法壁壘分明。而且,定最研[3] Nunan D.Research Method in Language Leaming [M],Cam-bridge:CUP,992:53- -73.究和定性研究分別代表著科研方法上的兩大極端。但是在實(shí)[4]高一虹,李莉春中西應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究方法發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J].外語(yǔ)踐中,這兩種方法常?；旌鲜褂?很難分開(kāi),尤其在現(xiàn)在這種多元文化語(yǔ)境下,研究者越來(lái)越清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到,單獨(dú)靠一種研教學(xué)與研究1992);8-16.究方法取得的成果和結(jié)論在信度上和效度上都無(wú)法與多種方[5]劉潤(rùn)請(qǐng),胡壯麟.外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的科研方法[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法取得的研究成果相比。所以,在實(shí)際研究過(guò)程中,我們可以與研究出版社,1999.有一個(gè)研究方法傾向,但絕對(duì)不能排斥其他的研究方法。通過(guò)[6]張勝勇.反思與建構(gòu)一-20 世紀(jì)的教育科學(xué)研究方法論.多角度、多方位的分析，深層次對(duì)二者的異同及各自的特征進(jìn)[M].濟(jì)南:山東教育出版社,1995.(上接第305頁(yè))in obscurity, she unexpectedly rises to be a noble lady in a ratherter, a name, of course, can be a space to contain the symbol.8rmooth way. As the novel says: "Sometimes by chance, A look orBoth in the Chinese and English literature, such examples area glance, May one's fortune advance." Her name drops a hint ofnot rare.her fate and sums up her entire life properly.In the novel The Story of the Sione, names of three protago-3.1.3 Suggest Characters' Appearancenists, Bao-yu, Bao chaff and Dai-yu form two afinities. "Yu" andCharacter's physical features, more or less, stimulate some"Chaff", mean "Jade" and "Gold". And also enclose the meaningBenses of readers. A man wearing a pair of spectacles may be anof Bao-chaff's gold locket and Bao yu's Jade Talisman. Thus theerudite; an eagle eyed person is dangerous and not easy to get anames of the two had in the vey beginning dropped a hint of thelong with; a red-nosed one may be a drunkard; a person in un-bond between Bao-yu and his cousin Bao-chaff, which is com-seasonable dress may be a litle eccentric. If a writer assignsmonly rfered to as the affinity of marriage of Gold and Jade'".names to his characters by their appearance, he only needs a lit-While the bond between Bao-yu and Dai-yu is called the "Bondtle efrt on portrayal because their names underlie a lot. It alsoof Old Stone and Flower Made". These elemental afnities sym-can be regarded as a characterization device.bolize the relations of the three characters and predict the devel-In the novel The Story of the Stone, the author Cao Xueqinopment of the story.used a lot of beautiful images in the nature to name different fe-4 Conclusionmale characters. For example, flower (“ 迎春"Yingchun), birNaming in literary works is a kind of artistic creation. And it(Xifeng" 熙鳳", Zijuan"紫鵑", Yuanyang"鴛鴦"), water(Biheng“碧痕"), cloud(Caiyun"彩云", Caixia"彩霞"), moon(Sheyue"麝is one of the most direct and efective method to portray charac-月”), gold(Baochai“寶釵",silver(Yinchuaner"銀釧兒")、jadeters, Every sccessful naming can help to vily and specialiethe character. Those names do not only bear the surface meaning(Daiyru"黛玉”.Hongyu“紅玉"), and so on, All these images bear8s they looked or read. They usually have much deeperone 8ame feature, that is good appearance. When reader comeacro6s with these names, the beauty of these characters will hitmetaphorical meaning, and take much more responsibility insupporing the novel and its theme representation.them at the same time.3.2 For SymbolizationReferences:[]，Red Mansion: 漢英對(duì)照Characters are the soul of literary works. All the author's中國(guó)煤化1工19916views and opinions are expressed by these vividly portrayedcharacters. Sometimes a writer might instill all his imagination,[2] IHC N M H Give ByM].ChicagoUmipursuit, ideals into a character, thus the character becomes theversuyUl ulncagu r Iess,CUJ;I.本欄目責(zé)任偏輯:謝嬡媛大道直學(xué)研究307