第46卷第10期煤炭工程Vol. 46，No. 102014年第10期COAL ENGINEERINGNo. 10, 2014doi: 10. 11799/ ce201410010我國(guó)厚煤層采煤技術(shù)的發(fā)展及采煤方法的選擇孟憲銳，吳昊天，王國(guó)斌(中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)資源與安全工程學(xué)院，北京100083)摘要:針對(duì)目前我國(guó)厚煤層開采方法的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)情況，重點(diǎn)論述了大采高、放頂煤開采方法近年來在技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展。同時(shí)，針對(duì)大采高存在的煤壁片幫與設(shè)備下滑問題，提出了在開采技術(shù)上應(yīng)該采取的一些有效措施，對(duì)近年來發(fā)展起來的大采高放頂煤開采技術(shù)和研制的兩柱式放頂煤液壓支架的支護(hù)特點(diǎn)及使用情況等，進(jìn)行了分析研究。文章從開采技術(shù)以及設(shè)備研制與生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀等方面對(duì)厚煤層開采的采煤方法進(jìn)行了分析，并根據(jù)目前我國(guó)厚煤層開采現(xiàn)狀及國(guó)家的相關(guān)技術(shù)政策，探討了厚煤層開采技術(shù)與采煤方法的適用條件與選擇原則。關(guān)鍵詞:厚煤層開采;大采高;放頂煤;分層開采;適用條件中圖分類號(hào): TD823.25 *3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A文章編號(hào): 1671 -0959(2014)10-0043-05Development and Method Selection of Thick Coal Seam MiningTechnology in ChinaMENG Xian -rui, WU Hao- tian, WANG Guo - bin( School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China Universty of Mining and Technology ( Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China)Abstract: Aiming at the production statuis of thick seam mining methods in China, the paper mainly discussed the statusquo and development in technology and economy of mining methods of large mining height mining and top coal caving;proposed efective measures for the problems of rib spalling and equipment gliding in large mining height production;analyzed top coal caving technology and the support features and service conditions of two - legs caving coal hydraulicsupport，which developed quickly in recent years; studied the mining method of thick coal seam from the view of miningtechnology, equipment development and production condition; and discussed the application condition and selectionprinciples of thick seam mining technology and method, according to the curent situation of thick seam mining and relatedtechnology and poliey in China.Keywords: thick coal seam mining; large mining height; top coal caving; slice mining; applicable conditions我國(guó)是世界_上煤炭生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)，煤炭在我國(guó)能源用分層開采， 當(dāng)時(shí)的厚煤層的開采技術(shù)、裝備、理論也都結(jié)構(gòu)中具有舉足輕重的關(guān)鍵作用。我國(guó)的煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量中,厚是針對(duì)分層開采的，由于分層開采巷道布置和生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)復(fù)煤層(厚度≥3.5m)的儲(chǔ)量約占全部煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量的44%，厚煤雜，人工假頂鋪設(shè)和管理難度大，同時(shí)存在安全條件差和層的產(chǎn)量也占總產(chǎn)量的45%左右。厚煤層資源廣泛分布在生產(chǎn) 成本高等很多不利因素，因此我國(guó)厚煤層分層開采方我國(guó)的大部分產(chǎn)煤省、區(qū)與各大煤炭集團(tuán)公司，目前厚煤法在進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代中期以后逐漸被放頂煤和大采高層開采已是我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)安全高效開采的主力技術(shù)，我國(guó)千萬一-次采全厚開采方法取代。噸級(jí)的礦井均以厚煤層開采為主。自從沈陽蒲河煤礦在1984年成功的進(jìn)行了綜采放頂煤工業(yè)試驗(yàn)以后，由于放頂煤自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和煤炭企業(yè)當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)1我國(guó)厚煤層開采技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程濟(jì)狀況，放頂煤開采可以較大幅度降低成本、提高產(chǎn)量和在20世紀(jì)80年代中期以前，我國(guó)對(duì)厚煤層開采均采增 加開采效益，因此放頂煤開采技術(shù)在20世紀(jì)80年代后收稿日期: 2014 -04 -25基金項(xiàng)目:中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(201 1YZ07)作者簡(jiǎn)介:孟憲銳(1951-)， 男，北京市人，教授，博士生導(dǎo)師，從事礦山中國(guó)煤化工方面的研究，E - mail: mengxr@ cumtb. edu. cn。MHCNMHG引用格式:孟憲銳，吳昊天，王國(guó)斌.我國(guó)厚煤層采煤技術(shù)的發(fā)展及采煤刀公時(shí)四擇LJ小脈庚工程,2014,46(10): 43-47.43.