.24.化工設(shè)備與管譴第53卷第2期狹窄空間的焊接作業(yè)，經(jīng)過多個項目的設(shè)備裙座內(nèi)狹窄間隙堆焊的驗證實施，效果良好，提高焊接效率的12同時又保證了焊接質(zhì)量。使用狹窄空間復(fù)合焊接脈沖自動/半自動焊機焊接完成后，焊縫在空氣中冷卻后形成自然的內(nèi)凹，熔池金屬與兩側(cè)殼體呈現(xiàn)圓滑過渡的弧線，焊縫成形良好，采用R10的樣板測量，完全無需打磨。3補強接 管結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計a.普通對接型b.堆焊改進(jìn)型工程規(guī)定要求本設(shè)備所有接管焊縫均要求為對圖2裙座與封頭對接結(jié)構(gòu)形式接焊縫，所有接管補強均采用自補強翻邊鍛件。Fig. 2 Structure type of skirt and bottom headR1938 電/\R193810/圖3翻邊鍛管結(jié)構(gòu)Fig. 3 Structure type of wing forging nozzle其中，對于DN≤100 mm的儀表口，采用封閉不銹鋼管與鍛件的空隙，鍛管外緣機加工- -圈，LWN長高頸整體法蘭帶翻邊結(jié)構(gòu)(見圖3左),翻邊形成凸緣，并將機加工后的凹臺堆焊S30403 與末端尺寸為鍛管外徑加100mm;DN≥150mm的管口齊平，并與環(huán)板用不銹鋼焊條焊接，采用該方式是為采用翻邊鍛管加法蘭焊接(見圖3右)，鍛管翻邊尺了避免異種鋼焊接。在距離端部50mm的鍛管側(cè)面寸為鍛管外徑加80mm。所有鍛管的翻邊尺寸以適開設(shè)-一個M6的檢漏孔，整件制造完畢，檢漏孔應(yīng)通合射線檢測時貼膠片為宜。對于下封頭上帶引出管的入0.4~0.5 MPa的壓縮空氣進(jìn)行焊縫質(zhì)量檢查，以保接管，設(shè)計時考慮了3種方案:證結(jié)構(gòu)安全。同時，在翻邊鍛管殼體焊接完畢后，按(1)采用翻邊補強鍛件焊接分段接管，分別堆標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定要求對焊縫進(jìn)行100%射線檢測，滿足JB/T焊完成;4730.2- -2005 I級合格，技術(shù)等級AB級，由于殼體(2)采用不銹鋼翻邊鍛管和不銹鋼管組成;和翻邊翼緣厚度達(dá)到(90+4) mm,采用射線(Ir192)(3)采用碳鋼鍛件內(nèi)襯不銹鋼管組成。檢測因曝光時間長，受環(huán)境和場地限制，而采用超方案一補強接管堆焊成形可以滿足要求，但是聲波衍射時差法(TOFD)代替射線檢測4，并輔以由于接管分段處內(nèi)壁堆焊質(zhì)量不能保證，不可取;100%MT和100%PT檢測，以杜絕焊接缺陷的存在。方案二，接管所需補強厚度超厚，翻邊部分需要的厚度比簡體厚30 mm，且主要焊縫存在異種鋼焊接，4結(jié)束語不可取;方案三，由于補強鍛管為碳鋼，厚度適宜,在甲醇分離器的設(shè)計過程中，充分考慮設(shè)計溫且引出管為不銹鋼，不存在堆焊問題，為最佳方案，度和環(huán)境溫度對設(shè)備造成的影響，結(jié)構(gòu)形式上盡量簡如圖4為下封頭補強接管形式。單可操作，優(yōu)化存在薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)，在裙座對接焊在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，對補強鍛管的端部采用不銹鋼環(huán)板(下轉(zhuǎn)第32頁)..32.化工設(shè)晶與管道第53卷第2期Study ofTechnology Based on Structural Strain for Monitoring Bolt Looseningin Process EquipmentWANG Gaoping, GUO Rui, PI Yunhan, WU Mingli(School of Mechanical and Elecrical Enginering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China)Abstract: Infuenced from chemical mediums and environment, bolts in chemical equipment are easy to loosening. This situationat the beginning is hard to be observed so that faults in equipment or safety accidents may happen. With respect to the concealmentand hazard in this problem, in this paper one technique for monitoring bolt loosening based on structural strain in bolted conectionstructure was proposed. The theory of this technique was studied and verification experiment was performed. Through analysis, thestrain distribution can be determined and bolt force can be obtained, so that the condition of bolted connection is monitored. It hasbeen proved that this technique is feasible in practice.Keywords: chemical equipment; bolt loosening; structural strain(上接第24頁)不樓比網(wǎng)D-10堆50403/萬向朝向北面上n，王堆型SJ0H0Y圖4帶不銹鋼內(nèi)襯的翻邊鍛管結(jié)構(gòu)Fig. 4 Structure type of wing forging nozzle with stainless steel liner縫和補強接管結(jié)構(gòu)上另辟蹊徑，為此類低溫高壓產(chǎn)品[2] NB/T 47041- -2014, 塔式容器[S].的設(shè)計積累了經(jīng)驗。3] 賀玲.大型焦炭塔的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化.煉油技術(shù)與工程[], 2004,34 (3): 38-40.參考文獻(xiàn)4] 吳俊，王超.衍射時差法超聲檢測(TOFD)技術(shù)在工程施1] GB150.1-4- -2011, 壓力容器[S].工中的應(yīng)用[J].石油化工建設(shè)，2012 (4): 87-88.Structural Design of Methanol SeparatorHUANG Dehua', WANG Huan2(1. SINOPEC Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315207, China;2. Liming Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Luoyang 471001, China)Abstract: Exampled with the methanol separator in one methanol synthesis plant, the skirt butt connection and nozzle reinforcingstructures in low temperature composite plate vessel were compared and analyzed. The proper scheme for the structures in lowtemperature vessel was proposed, which can be referenced in later design.Keywords: methanol; low temperature; structural design; turn-up forging nozzle.