天然氣在英國(guó)的未來(lái)作用The future role of natural gas in the UK
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- 更新時(shí)間:2021-09-09
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英國(guó)制定了到2050年的法定溫室氣體減排目標(biāo),要求到2050年,溫室氣體排放量比1990年減少80%。達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)的成本效益將需要至少?gòu)哪菚r(shí)起英國(guó)能源系統(tǒng)二氧化碳排放量的類(lèi)似減少。天然氣的單位能量燃燒二氧化碳排放量明顯低于煤炭或石油,但高于核能和大多數(shù)可再生能源。因此,在英國(guó)尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)高效地向低碳能源體系邁進(jìn)的過(guò)程中,天然氣的作用就產(chǎn)生了疑問(wèn)。在多大程度上使用天然氣可以達(dá)到英國(guó)的碳減排目標(biāo)?碳捕獲和儲(chǔ)存技術(shù)(ccs)是否可用對(duì)這一點(diǎn)有何影響?天然氣能否取代煤炭,成為英國(guó)低碳能源系統(tǒng)的“橋梁燃料”,如果可以,這座橋梁需要多少天然氣使用量,以及在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)1?這些都是本報(bào)告中所討論的問(wèn)題
The UK has statutory greenhouse gas emission reduction targets through to 2050, which mandates an 80% reduction in emissions by that date from the level in 1990. Meeting this target cost-effectively will require at least a similar reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the UK energy system by that date. Natural gas has signifcantly lower CO2 emissions on combustion per unit of energy delivered than either coal or oil, but higher emissions than nuclear and most renewable energy sources. Questions therefore arise about the role of gas as the UK seeks to move cost-effectively towards a low-carbon energy system. How much gas use is compatible with meeting the UK’s carbon emissions reductions targets? How is this affected by whether carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) is available? Can gas, by substituting for coal, act as a ‘bridging fuel’ to a low-carbon UK energy system and, if so, how much gas use does such a bridge entail, and over what period of time1? These are the questions which are addressed in this report
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